ALGORITHMS

SECTION-A

Algorithms  and  structured  programming,  analysing   algorithms, asymptotic  behaviour of an algorithm, Order notations,  time  and space  complexities  (polynomial,  logrithmic  and   exponential), average and worst case analysis, lower and upper bounds.
Advanced  data  structures : Threaded trees, B-trees, Heaps and heapsort, sets and relations, Graphs, Hashing.

SECTION-B

Algorithm  design strategies : Divide and conquer (Mergesort, Quicksort, matrix  multiplication).
Greedy  method  (knapsack problem,  jobsequencing  with deadlines, minimum  spanning  trees).
Dynamic programming (0/1 knapsack, travelling salesman problem).
Basic  search  & Traversal Techniques (Breadth  first  and  Depth first traversals of Graphs).
Backtracking (8 - queen problem, sum of subsets, Graph colouring, 0/1 Knapsack).
Branch & Bound (0/1 knapsack, Travelling salesman).

SECTION-C

Concept of object oriented programming, Objects  and  classes, constructors  and destructors, data encapsulation, polymrophism, operator  overloading  and  function  overloading, dynamic binding,  Inheritance : Derived and base class, function overriding, public, private, protected and multiple inheritance. Other characteristics : Pointers to objects, virtual functions, friend function, static functions, this pointer, templates.

Text/Reference Books :

1. Fundamentals  of Computer Algorithms, E. Horowitz,  S.  Sahni, Galgotia Publications, 1985.
2. Design  &  Analysis  of  Computer  Algorithms,  Av.  Aho,  J.E. Hopcroft, & J.D. Ullman, Addition Wesley, 1974.
3. Algorithms - The Construction, Proof & Analysis of Programs, P.Berlions & P. Bizard, John Wiley & Sons, 1986.
4. Data  Strucures  and  Algorithms,  Vol. I  &  II,  K.  Melhorn,  Springer Verlag, 1984.
5. Object  Oriented   Programming in  Turbo  C++,  Robert  Lafore, Galgotia Publications.
6. Vijay Mukhi's The 'C' Odyssey C++ and Graphics - The future  of  'C', M. Gandhi, T.Shetty and R. Shah, BPB Publications
7. Object  Oriented   Programming with  C++,  Balaguruswami,  Tata McGraw Hill.

DATA COMMUNICATION AND NETWORKS

Section A

Data  Communication  model,  tasks of  a  communication  system, networking,    analog   and   digital   transmission,    different transmission media.

Data encoding : digital data digital signals, digital data  analog signals  (ASK, PSK, FSK), analog data digital signals (PCM,  Delta modulation),  analog  data analog signals (AM,  FM,  PM),  modems, interfacing  [RS-232C,  ISDN physical  interface],  multiplexing (TDM, FDM).

Section - B

Principles  and  purpose of layered approach, OSI  model,  ARPANET model,  protocol  architecture (OSI, TCP/IP) Data  link  control  : frame  syndronization  -  asynchronous  and synchronous  ;  flow control- stop and wait, sliding  window,  go-back-N  protocols;  error  detection- CRC,  error  control  -  ARQ schemes.

Network switching - circuit switching, packet switching ;  routing and congestion control; introduction to frame relay and ATM.

Section - C

Radio,  satellite  and local networks, high  speed  LANs;  network management ; Internetworking, the Internet Protocol, DNS and  URL; transport  protocols  -  transport  services,  TCP,  UDP;   remote procedure   call;   network  security  -   encryption   and   data compression, applications - virtual terminal, file transfer, email (Telnet,  FTP,  SMTP, HTTP); introduction to  ISDN  and  broadbond ISDN.

References:

1.         Computer Networks by A.S. Tannanbaum
2.         Data and Computer Communications by W. Stailings
3.         Computer Networks and Distributed Processing by J. Martin

SECTION-A

Mathematical preliminaries, alphabets, strings, Languages, states, transitions, finite automata and regular expressions, applications e.g.  Lexical  analyzers  and text editors, the  pumping  Lemma  & closure property of regular sets, decision algorithms for  regular
sets.

SECTION-B

Context free grammars, Chomsky and Greibach normal form  theorems, ambiguity,  Pushdown automata and the equivalence of  contex  free languages  to sets accepted by non-deterministic PDA, the  Pumping Lemma  for  CFL's,  closure  properties  of  CFL's  and   decision algorithms for CFL's.

SECTION-C

Turing   Machines:   Introduction,   Turing   hypothesis,   Turing computability,  nondeterministic, multitape and other versions  of Turing machine, Church's hypothesis, primitive recursive function, Godelization,   recursively   enumerable  Languages   and   Turing Computability. Undecidability:  Universal Turing machines and  unsolvability  of
the halting problem, an undecidable problem, Post's Correspondence problem.

Text/Reference Books:

1.         Hopcroft J.E. and Ullman J.D., Introduction to Automata Theory, Languages and Computation, Narosa Publishing House, 1988.
2          Derick wood,Theory of Computation, Harper & Row Publishers, New York, 1987.
3.         Lewis  H.R. & Papadimitriou C.H,  Elements  of  the  Theory  of Computation, Prentice Hall International Inc. 1981.

SECTION-A

History  of  the operating systems,Operating  system  functions,OS classification:   single  user,multi   user,simple   monitor,batch processing,time sharing,real time OS. Information   Management   :   management   file    supports,acess methods , allocation    methods , contigious ,linked  and  indexed allocation,directory system Memory Management : partition , paging  and segmentation . Virtual memory and demand paging.
Device  Management  :  Disk  and  Drum  scheduling  algorithms. Protection  of resources. I/O Processor Management :  I/O  traffic controller , I/O schedular , I/O device handlers.
         
SECTION-B

Process  Management  : Process states , level  of  schedulers  and scheduling algorithms.
Interprocess  Communication : Process synchronization  ,  critical  section  problem  and  its  software  ,  hardware   and  semaphore solutions. Deadlock : Preventation, avoidance, detection and recovery. Parallel Processing : Difference between distributed and  parallel
processing , OS for parallel processors.
       
SECTION-C

Case  Study  : Unix : Unix-history , design  principles  ,  programmer interface user  interface  ,file  system, process  management  ,   memory management  ,  I/O system ,  Interprocess  commands  ,  Vi Editor Unix Shell. Communication management in Netware , Netware features. Windowing technology  , Relationship between operating system and  windows , Graphical user interface components.

Text/Reference Books :

1.         Operating  system  with case studies in Unix , Netware, Windows NT : Achyut S. Godbole : Tata McGraw Hill Publications
2.         Operating  System Concepts : Silberschatz ,  Galvin  : Addision  Wisley Publications
3.         Modern Operating Systems : Andrew S. Tananbeum : Printice  Hall Publications

1. Illustrated MS-DOS 6.22 : Russell A. Stultz : BPB Publications

SECTION-A

System  concepts  and the Information Systems environment  :  (the system concept, characteristics, elements, types). Need for System Analysis,  System Development Life Cycle, Role of System  Analyst. System  Analysis : Planning & initial  Investigation,  Information Gathering,   Tools  of  Structured  Analysis  (context   diagrams, dataflow    diagrams,    ERDS,   data    specification,    process specification),  Feasibility study, Cost/Benefit Analysis.  System Design  :  The Process & stages of System Design,  Input/Output  & Form  Design, System Implementation, Testing & Quality  Assurance,
Post Implementation & Maintenance.

SECTION-B

The  meaning  and  Role of  Management  Information  Systems(MIS), Management,  Organization, Theory & Systems Approach,  Information Systems   for   Decision  Making,  Planning  for   Designing   and Implementing the MIS, Pitfalls in MIS development. Case Studies.

SECTION-C 

Establishing  a Computer Centre, Selection of Site,  Building  and Infrastructure  facilities,  Internal organization of  a  computer Centre, Personnel of Computer Centre, Security of Computer Centre, Exposure & Disaster Recovery, Performance monitoring & evaluation, `Acquisition of hardware and Software.

Text/Reference Books:

1.         Systems Analysis and Design - Elias Awad, Galgotia Publications
2.         Analysis and Design of Information Systems - V. Rajaraman, PHI
3.         Introduction to Systems Analysis & Design - I.T. Hawryszkiewycz  , PHI
4.         Computers   for  Managers, Designing  an  Efficient  Management Information Systems, Gloobal Business Press
5.         Information Systems for Modern Management - Murdick &  Others, PHI
6.         Computer  Centre  Management  -  B.   Ravindranath,   Classic  Publication

Section -1

Visual Computing : Windows program architecture, procedural and event oriented languages, GUI components, controls, control arrays, file processing, database connectivity(ADO,DAO,RDO), Multiple Document Interface(MDI), OLE, report generation, multimedia, concept of MFC library.
(Visual programming to be done using VB).

World Wide Web(WWW) and Web Programming : Web documents, web server and browsers, HTTP protocol,  HTML and its features, embedding images, audio and video, web designing and publishing, web designing tools.

Section -2

Java Programming : Java program architecture and its features, Java Virtual Machine(JVM) and Java Development Kit(JDK), applets and applications, variables, data types and control constructs in Java, classes and objects in Java, inheritance, interfaces and packages. standard Java packages, string, vector, multithreading, exception handling, GUI components, GUI layout management, animation and handling images.

Section-3

Advanced Java Programming : Streams and I/O programming, network programming, concept of serialization, Javaswings, Javaservlet, JavaBeans, RMI and Introduction to COBRA.

Advanced Web Based Programming : static and dynamic web page, DHTML, scripting languages(VBscript, Java script), Server side programming and database interfacing(JDBC,ODBC), Active Server Pages(ASP), concept of XML and UML

Reference:

1. Mastering Java-2 by John Zukowski
2. Mastering Visual Basic-6 by Evangelos Petroutsos
3. Mastering HTML 4.0 by Deborah S. Roy, Eric J. Roy
4. Java How To Program by Deital & Deital
5. Mastering Active Server Page 3.0 by A. Russel Jones, bpb publication
6. Mastering XML by Ann Navarro, bpb publication
7. Mastering UML with Rational Rose by Wendy Boggs and Michael Boggs, bpb publication

SECTION-A

Modelling  :  Definition of a SYSTEM, System  concepts,  types  of  system,   continuous  &  discrete  systems,   modelling   process, verification & validation.
Simulation  : Introduction, classification of  simulation  models, advantages  and  disadvantages  of  simulation,  Discrete   system simulation : Monte Carlo method, Random Number Generation.
                  
SECTION-B

Queuing  Theory : Introduction, Notation and  assumption,  Queuing model  with  poisson  input,  exponential  service  and  arbitrary service  times.  Simulation  of queuing system,  Simulation  of  a single-server queue, Simulation of two-server queue.
Inventory  Control  : Elements of inventory theory,  more  complex inventory models, finite and infinite delivery rate model with and without back ordering. Simulation of inventory systems.

SECTION-C

Evaluation  of  simulation, length of  simulation  runs,  variance reduction techniques.
Project  management  :  PERT/CPM techniques,  simulation  of  PERT networks. Model as components of information systems, modelling for decision support.
Virtual reality : the ultimate interactive model.

Text/Reference Books :

1. System Simulation: Gorden, G., Prentice Hall of India.
2. System Simulation: Narsing Deo. Hill.
3. Introduction to Simulation: Payne, J.A., Mc-Graw Hill 1982.

SECTION-A

Software engineering concepts, historical perspective, software evaluation, program design paradigms. Software project planning : identifying software scope, resources, analysis concept, analysis modeling (behavioral model, data model, functional model), analysis tools & techniques, risk management,  project scheduling, tracking. Cost estimation : project metrics, cost factors, cost estimation techniques (decomposition, empirical, automated estimation, delphi)

SECTION-B

System design : Design concepts & principles (modularization, abstraction, refinement, cohesion, coupling ) design methods (structured design, object oriented design, real time system design), Implementation : modern programming language features & characteristics, language classes, coding style, efficiency .

SECTION-C

Software Quality Assurance : Quality factors and  criteria, SQA metrics , SQA techniques. Verification and Validation : software testing methods (WBT, BBT), software testing strategy ( Unit testing, integration testing, validation system, testing), Maintenance: Maintenance characteristics,  Maintainability, software reuse, re-engineering, reverse engineering, CASE.

Text / reference books :

1.         Roger S. Pressman , McGraw Hill , 1992  (Third and Forth Edition),
2.         S.Shooman, Martin L. , McGraw Hill,
3.         H. Sommervill Ian , Addition Wesley Pub. Co.
4.         Fairley Richard , McGraw Hill, 1985.

SECTION-A

Analysis of source programme, Different phases of a compiler, Symbol Table .
Lexical  Analysis :  Different approaches to design a lexical analyzer, regular expression, finite automata (Deterministic & Non-deterministic). RE to NFA and NFA to DFA.  Optimization  of  DFA  states.  Implementation  of   lexical analyzer (introduction). Error   Handling  :  errors  in  different  phases  of   compiler. Introduction to Compiler Construction Tools.

SECTION-B

Syntax  analysis : context free grammer, Parsing techniques  (Top-down, Bottom-up, Operator-precedence, SLR, LALR).
Intermediate code generation : Intermediate language, syntax directed translation, assignment statement, boolean statements and backpatching, array  references,  procedure calls  and   record structure.

SECTION-C

Code  optimization : Principal sources of optimization,  Local  & Loop optimization, loop invarient computations, induction variable elimination.
Code  generation  : Design  of  code  generation,  a machine  model,  a simple code generator,  register  allocation  & assignment, code generation from DAG's.

Text/Reference Books :

1. Principles of Compiler Design by Aho, Ullman; Narosa Publishing House, 1989
2. Compilers  : Principles,  techniques and tools by  Aho,  Sethi,  Ullman; Wesley 1988
3. Compiler  Construction : Theory &  Practice by  Barrat,  Eates, Cought, Galgotia 1988
4. Compiler Writing by Trembly, Sorenson ; Mc-Graw Hill Book Co.
5. Compiler   Construction  for Digital Computer  by  Gries;  John Willey & Sons, New Yor - 1987

An appropriate application software as assigned by the  instructor to be developed (complete in all respects including documentation) individually  or  in group. Various steps of system  analysis  and design are to be followed and a user manual is to be developed if needed.

SECTION-A

Components  of  Graphics  Systems :  Display  devices - Refresh CRTS, Random scan and Raster scan monitors, colour CRT monitors, DVST, Plasma-panel displays, Hard copy devices-priters, plotters. Display processors-random scan systems, DVST systems, Raster scan systems. Interactive Input devices :  Keyboards, touch panels, light pens, tablets, joysticks, trackball, mouse. Logical  classification - Locator, Stroke, String, Valuator, Choice, Pick devices, Interactive  picture construction  techniques - positioning methods, constraints, grids, gravity field, rubber band methods, sketching, dragging.

SECTION-B

Output primitives : Points and lines, DDA and Bresenham’s line drawing algorithms, Antialiasing lines. Bresenham’s circle drawing algorithms. Character generation.
Area filling : Scan line, Boundary-fill, Flood-fill algorithms. 2-D Transformations : Basic Transformations, General Transformation equations, Reflection, Shear. Windowing and clipping : Windowing concepts, Line, Area, text clipping algorithms, Window to View port Transformation.
Segmentation : Concepts, Segmentfiles, segment attributes.

SECTION-C

3D Transformation : 3D co-ordinates. Basic 3D transformations. Rotation about arbitrary axis. Reflection, shear, viewing transformation.
Curved lines and Surfaces  :  Polygon  surface,  Bezier Curves and  surfaces, spline curves and surfaces.
Fractals Geometry Methods : Introductions.
Hidden surface and Hidden line removed : Classification of algorithms, Back-face removal, Depth buffer methods, Scanline methods, Depth sorting method, Area subdivision method. Comparison.
Shading : Constant intensity, Gourand shading, Phong shading, Ray-tracing algorithms.

Text/Reference Books :

1. Hearn Donald & Baker, M. Pauline (1990).  "Computer  Graphics" Prentice-Hall of India Pvt. Ltd.
2. Newman, W.H. & Sproull, R.F. (1989). Principles of  Interective Computer Graphics", Mc-Graw Hill Book Co.
3. Harrington,  S.  (1983).  "Computer  Graphics:  A  Programming Approach"' Mc-Graw Hill Book Co.
4. Foley, J.D. & Dam, A. Van (1982), "Fundamentals of Interective Computer Graphics", Addison-Wesley.
5. Giloi,  W.K.  (1978).  "Interective  Computer  Graphics:  Data Structures, Algorithms. Languages", Prentice Hall.
6. Plastock, Roy A. & Kalley, Gordon (1987). "Theory and problems of Computer Graphics" Shaums Outline Series, Mc-Graw Hill Book Co.

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

SECTION-A

Introduction to Artificial Intelligence, General problem  solving, state  space and graph model techniques, Heuristic  designs,  Aim-oriented   heuristic   algorithms   versus   solution    guaranted algorithms, Game playing strategies.
Knowledge  representation : Knowledge representation tools,  First order  predicate calculus. The language PROLOG -  sementic   nets,  partitioned nets, Minsky's frames, case grammer theory, production rules, knowledge base, the inference system, forward and  backward deduction.

SECTION-B

Understanding  Natural Language, Parsing techniques, context  free and   transformational   grammer,   transition   net,   augumented transition nets, Fillmore's grammer, Shanks conceptual dependency. Grammer free analysers,  Sentence         generation, Translation.
 Expert   systems  :  Structure,  development  tools,   uncertainty considerations,  domain  exploration,  meta  knowledge,  expertize transfer,  existing systems ( DENDRAL,  MYCIN ) , self  explaining systems.

SECTION-C

Pattern    recognition   :   Structured   description,    symbolic description; machine perception: Vision & Speech; techniques  used in  solving  preceptual problems, analysing visual  clues  (edge detection) ; speech recognition : Problems in speech recognition, analyzing speech, Introduction to machine learning.

Text/Reference Books:

1. Artificial  Intelligence  , Elaine Rich &  Kevin  Knight,  Mc-Graw Hill , International edition, 1991.
2. Principles  of   Artificial  Intelligence  ,  N.J.   Nilsson, Narosa Publishing, 1991.
3. Introduction  to   Expert  Systems,  Peter  Jackson,   Addison Wesley.
4. Introduction  to Artificial Intelligence, E.  Charniak  &  D. McDermott, Addison Wesley, 1985.
5. The  Handbook   of  Artificial  Intelligence.  Avron  Barr & Edward A. Feigenbauen, Addison-Wesley Pub., 1982.   Vol I, Vol II, Vol III
6. Natural Language Processing, James Allen
7. Pattern  Recognition Principles, Tau & Genzales,  Addison-Wesley, 1974.

ELECTIVES

E-I. REAL-TIME SYSTEMS

SECTION - A

Introduction  to  Real-time  computing:  Characterizing  Real-time system  &  tasks;  Performance  measures  of  real  time   systems, estimation of program run time, Real-time system design:  Hardware requirement,  system-development cycle, data transfer  techniques, synchronous   &   asynchronous   data   communication,    standard interfaces.

SECTION - B  

Task  Assignment and Scheduling: Priority scheduling,  scheduling with fixed priority  dynamic  priority scheduling, Real-time  programming languages & Tool: desired language characteristics, data  typing, control  structure,  run  time  error  handling,  overloading   & generics, run time support,  Real-time databases.

SECTION - C

Real  time  communication algorithms,  Fault tolerence  techniques:  Causes  of failure,  fault  types, fault  detection,  redundancy,  integrated failure  handling  Reliability  Evaluation  techniques:  Parameter values, reliability model for hardware redundancy, software  error model, Clock synchronization.

References:

(1) Real  Time  Systems: by C.M. Krishna & K.G. Shen  -  Mc.  Graw Hill, 1997.
(2) Real  Time  Microcomputer  Design:  An  Introduction  by  P.D. Lawrence & K. Mauch, Mc. Graw Hill, 1988.
(3) Real Time systems : Specification, verification & analysis  by Mathai Joseph, Prentice Hall Inc., 1996.
(4) Real  Time  computer control by Stuart Bennet,  Prentice  Hall  Inc., 1988.
(5) Real  time  languages  by S. J. Young,  John  willey  &  sons, 1982.

E-III : DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING

SECTION-A

Introduction   of   Signals,  Systems   and   Signal   Processing, Classification of Signals and Systems, Advantages of Digital  over Analog Singnal processing, Signal Models - Continuous Time  versus Discrete  time  signals, Periodic and  Aperiodic  Signals,  Phasor Signals  and  Spectra, Energy and Power Signals,  System  Modeling Concepts, The superposition integral for Fixed and Linear Systems, Impulse  Response of a Fixed and Linear System - Fourier Series  - Trigonometric  Series-  Exponential  Fourier  Series-Symmetry Properties of the Fourier Coefficients.

Fourier  Integral, Energy Spectral Density, Fourier Transforms  in the  Limit, Fourier Transform Theorems and Pairs, System  Analysis with  Fourier  Transform,  Laplace  Transform  Theorems,   Network Analysis using the Laplace Transform.

SECTION-B

Discrete  Time  Signals  and  Systems -  Review  of  Sampled  Data Systems,  Time  Domain Representations of Discrete  Time  Signals, Frequency Domain Representation of Discrete Time Signals, Discrete Time Signals obtained by sampling, Discrete Fourier Transform. Z-Transform  -  Definition  and  Examples,  Inverse   Z-Transform, Properties  of the Z-Transform,Introduction to Realization of Digital  Systems  - Block Diagrams and Signal Flow Graphs. Introduction to Realization of an  IIR  and  FIR systems, Discrete Fourier Transforms (DFT) and  Fast  Fourier  Transform (FFT)

 SECTION-C

Design  of  Digital  Filters : Introduction   to  Filters,  A comparision  of  IIR  and  FIR  Digital  Filters.Design of  IIR  Digital  Filters  - Impulse   Invariant   Transformation, Bilinear   Transformation,  Design  of  Digital  Butterworth   and Chebyshev Filters.Design of FIR Digital Filters - Windowing and Rectangular  Window, Filter  Designs  using Windows, Frequency  Sampling  Technique. DSP tools and DSP techniques in various applications. 

Text/Reference Books

1. Digital  Signal Processing by Alan. V.  Oppenheim,  Ronald  W. Schafer, Prentice Hall of India
2. Digital  Signal Processing by J. Defatta, John Willey & Sons

3. Digital  Signal Processing by prokians ,PHI     

SECTION - A

Introduction   to  parallel  computing,  advantages  of   parallel computing.  Solving problems in parallel :  Temporal  parallelism, Data  parallelism and their comparison. Intertask  dependency  and task   graphs.  Structures  of  parallel  computers  :   Pipelined
paprallel    computers,    Array   processors,    Shared    memory multi-processor, message passing multiprocesors, MMC systems. Integer  Arithmetic :  Carry look-ahead addition  and   carry-save addition on binary tree, integer multiplication and convolution on a linear array. Elementary sorting algorithm.

SECTION - B

Matrix Algorithms : Matrix-Vector multiplication and solving lower triangular   system  of  equations  on  a  linear  array,   matrix multiplication,  LU  decomposition,  matrix  inversion,   Guassian elimination on a mesh.
Graph  Algorithms  :  Mesh  algorithm  for  tranisitive   closure, connected  component,  shortest  path, breadth  first  search  and minimum spanning tree. Mesh of trees and its applications such  as Matrix-Vector    multiplication,    Convolution    and     integer multiplication.

SECTION - C

More  fancier  networks  : r-dimensional mesh  of  trees,  shuffle trees, shuffle-exchange network, hypercube, De-bruijn network  and butterfly.   Some examples on these networks, sorting and  FFT  on butterfly.
Introduction   to   dataflow  computers.  Parallelism   in   logic programming. Programming parallel computers.

Text/Reference books:

1.         Elements of Parallel Processing, V. Rajaraman, Prentice-Hall of  India, 1990.
2.         Designing Efficient Algorithms on Parallel Computers,  Mc-Graw Hill International, NewYork, 1987.
3.         Parallel Algorithms, Dhall et. al., Mc-Graw Hill Int.

SECTION-A

Distributed Operating System : Distributed   Computing  system  models,  Issues  in  design   of  distributed  operating system, message passing, Remote  Procedure Calls, synchronization, process management, resource  management, distributed file systems. Introduction to distributed data-bases.

SECTION-B

Distributed Algorithms : Introduction  to distributed algorithms, synchronous and  partial synchronous  models,  Algorithms in  general  synchronous  leader election,   Breadth   first  search,   shortest path, randomized algorithms. Distributed concensus with link and process failures. Asynchronous  system model, I/O automata, operation of  automata, complexity measures, randomizations,

SECTION-C

Asynchronous  shared  memory model,  mutual  exclusion,  resource allocation,   concensus,   Asynchronous  network   model,   basic asynchronous  network  algorithms,  shared  memory  Vs  Networks.  Introduction   to   parallel  distributed   processing:   general framework, methods of learning.

References:

1. PK Sinha, Distributed Operating System, PHI, 1997.
2. AS Tanenbaum, Modern Operating Systems, PHI.
3. Nancy A Lynch, Distributed Algorithms, Morgan  Kaufmann  Pub. Inc., 1996.
4. DF Rumelhart, JI Mc Clelland & PDP group, Parallel Distributed Processing vol I&II, MIT Press, 1995.
5. Simon Haykin, Neural Networks, IEEE Press. 

SECTION-A

Neural Network(NN) Paradigms : Introduction, Neuron model, Neural network architectures, Learning Rules (Hebbian, Competitive, Baltzmann, Supervised, unsupervised) Types of neural networks : Perceptron, MLP, radial basis function network, recurrent network, self organizing Feature maps, Boltzamann m/c, Applications of NN.

SECTION-B

Fuzzy Logic : Introduction, Fuzzy sets, Basic operations on fuzzy sets, relations, rule based models and linguistic variables, fuzzy control, interpolation in fuzzy rule base, Applications of Fuzzy logic.

SECTION-C

Evolutionary Computations : Introduction, Genetic Algorithm(GA), Evolutionary programming, Classifier systems, genetic programming parse trees, Mathematical foundation of GA variants of GA (hybrid GA, Fuzzy GA Enhancements of genetic programming, application).

Text Books:

1.         Fuzzy set theory and its application by Zimmermann
2.         Neural Networks by Simon Haykins.

References:

1.  Fuzzy logic and intelligent systems edited by Hua Li and Madan M.Gupta
2.  Soft Computing Techniques in knowledge-based intelligent engineering systems, approaches and application edited by Lakshi C.Jain.
3.  Fuzzy Rule-Based Export Systems and Genetic Machine Learning by Andrers Geyer-Schulz. Seconde, revised and enlarged edition.
4.  Artificial neural networks by B.Yegnanrayana.
5.  C++ Neural Networks and Fuzzy Logic by Valluru B.Rao Hayagriva V.Rao.
6.  Fuzzy Systems and Soft Computing in Nuclear Engineering Edited by Da Ruan.
7.  An introduction to Neural Network by James A. Anderbon.
8.  Neural Networks and Fuzzy Systems, A Dynamically Systems approaches to machine intelligence by Bart Kosko.

E-IX VLSI Design

Prerequisite to the course: Digital Electronics, Digital Circuit Design, Circuit Analysis, Electronics Devices, Programming and Data Structure.
 
Section A
BJT, NMOS, PMOS, CMOS, Fabrication principle- epitaxial growth, Oxidation, Photo-lithography, Diffusion, Ion-Implementation, Metallization.

Section B
Digital CMOS circuit, MOS devices, V-I characteristics, Design and detailed analysis of MOS inverters, enhancement load, depletion load, CMOS inverter, delay and power analysis, Design layout of simple CMOS gates.
Circuit implementation of combinational circuit. Circuit implementation of sequential circuit- FFs, SRAM, DRAM.

Section C

1. VLSI sub design- Top down design flow, Gajrki Y’s Chart.
2. System simulation using HDL, specification of VHDL, constructs, behavioral, structural, data flow, description, sequential.
3. Digital logic design- optimization of combinational logic, synchronous sequential logic design- Mealy & Moore machine, FSM

Reference Books:

Kang S. M. and Leblebici, Y. “CMOS Digital Integrated Circuit: Analysis and Design” Mc.Graw Hill
Sarrafazadeh M. and Wong C. K. “ An introduction to VLSI Physical Design” Mc Graw hill
Bhasker VHDL primer, PH India
Navabi, “ Introduction to VHDL” , Mc. Graw Hill
Ken Martin, Digital Integrated Circuits, Oxford press
Neil H. E. Weste and Kamran Eshraghian, “Principle of CMOS VLSI Design”

Practicals:
Circuit Simulation:
Inverter Voltage transistor characteristic
Noise analysis of CMOS Inverter
Delay analysis
Truth Table verification of CMOS circuit: NAND/NOR, FlipFlop, Half adder, Full adder,
Logic design and verification of inverter.
VHDL
Combinational Function Verification
K-Map Optimization and equivalence check of optimization function
Sequence detector design and verification
An example sub system design

Section A :

Biomedical Instrumentation : Origin of Bioelectric signals, Biopotentials, electrodes – skin surface, needle and microelectrodes, Electrocardiography, cardiac muscle physiology, Electrocardiogram, ECG lead and wave configruation, Blood pressure measurement – Sphygmonometry method, Pacemakers – external & implantable pacemakers, keads and electrodes, Defibrillators, Sugar level measurement, Basics of X-ray machine

Section B :

Analytical Instrumentation : Principle of pH measurement, pH meter, electrodes of pH meter, Infrared radiation sources, types of monochromators & detectors, Infra red spectrophotometer – single & double beam, UV & visible spectrophotometers, Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer & its applications, NMR & it’s applications, Gas Chromatography, transmission and scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffractometer & flourescence.

Section C :

Power Electronics : Types of rectifiers – single phase rectifier, single phase controlled rectifier, three phase rectifier, three phase controlled rectifier, SMPS, UPS, Inverter
Bio-Telemetry : Introduction components – Implantable units, Single channel telemetry systems, Multichannel wireless telemetry systems. Transmission of analog physiological signals over telephone lines.
Virtual Instrumentation : Introduction to data flow programming, graphical programming in data flow, advantages of VI Techniques. ISA, EISA and PCI Buses.

References:

1. Handbook of Biomedical Instrumentation – R. S. Khandpur
2. Handbook of Analytical Instrumentation -  R. S. Khandpur
3. Power Electronics – Rashid
4. Biomedical Instrumentation – Cromwell
5. Principles of Biomedical Instrumentation – Richard Aston

Laboratory :  LabVIEW Software ( Two hours per week)

SECTION-A

Image  processing  : introduction, linear  systems,  the  fourior transform, matrix theory results. Image  perception, image  sampling, Quantisation : the  optimal  mean square(Lloyd-max quantiser), visual quantization. Image   transforms : two   dimensional   orthogonal   and   unitory transforms, properties, one    dimansional    discreate     fourier transform(DFT), two dimansional DFT, cosine  transform, sine transform.

SECTION-B

Image enhancement : point operation, histogram modeling, spatial operations, transform operations, multispectral image enhancement, false color and pseudocolor, color image enhancement. Image  filtering : image  observation  models, inverse  and Wiener filtering, finite  impulse  response(FIR) wiener  filtering, other Fourier domain filters.

SECTION-3

Image Analysis: Feature extraction, Edge detection, Scene segmentation and labelling. Pattern recognition: Introduction, Recognition process, Statistical decision making           (Bayes’ theorem), Nonparametric decision making (Nearest neighborhood classification tech), clustering.

References :

1.         Fundamentals of digital image processing A.K. Jain, PHI Publications.
2.         Introduction to Artificial Intelligence E. Charniak,D. Mcdermott.

1. Image processing  M.A.Sid-Ahmed  Mcgrawhill International publication Lecture Schedule
2. Pattern Recognition and Image Analysis Earl Gose, Richard Johnsonbaugh, steve Jost, PHI Publications.

IV Semester

1. Reading Elective
2. 2. UIL Project

• Project, Dissertation & Seminar
• Continuous Assessment
• Viva-Voce